Passenger detecting apparatus

ABSTRACT

A passenger detecting apparatus including a sensor unit of a small size heightwise which can be manufactured inexpensively includes a light emitting means ( 21   a   , . . . , 21   h ) for emitting light rays in a substantially horizontal direction, a beam forming means ( 22   a   , 22   b ) for transforming light rays emitted from the light emitting means into a collimated or converged light beam in a substantially horizontal direction, a downward reflecting means ( 23   a   , 23   b ) for reflecting the light beam in a direction toward a lower seat disposed in the compartment, and a light receiving means ( 24   a   , 24   b ) for receiving the light beams scattered upon striking on the passenger for thereby detecting the state of the passenger.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention generally relates to a passenger detecting apparatus which is installed on a motor vehicle, automobile or the like for detecting situation or state of a passenger such as posture, body size, position, etc. to thereby output information concerning the detected state of the passenger, which information is then used for controlling operation of an air bag apparatus for protecting the passenger against injury upon occurrence of collision of the automobile, an air-conditioner employed for adjusting the temperature in the compartments, an alarm device designed for generating an alarm indicative of unsafety or insecurity situation such as dozing of the driver and the like. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with an improvement of the passenger detecting apparatus by implementing it in a thin structure. At this juncture, it should first be mentioned that the term “passenger” is used to conceptionally encompass not only the driver which is operating the automobile but also the person who is traveling in the automobile, i.e., the passenger(s) in the intrinsic sense.

2. Description of Related Art

In general, the automobile is equipped with a air bag apparatus including an air bag which is instantaneously inflated or expanded within a space intervening a steering wheel or dash-board and a passenger in order to protect him or her against injury upon occurrence of collision event. However, when the passenger is of a small size and operating the automobile at a position closer to the steering wheel or when a child is standing in front of a seat adjacent to the driver's (hereinafter this seat will also be referred to as the assistant's seat only for the convenience of description), i.e., when the distance between the steering wheel or the dash-board and the passenger is extremely short, expansion of the air bag will undesirably injure the passenger, far from protecting him or her, as is known in the art.

Besides, it is also known that in the case where the passenger occupying the assistant's seat is a child younger than six inclusive, expansion of the air bag should be suppressed from the standpoint of safety even when he or she is sitting in a normal posture. In this conjunction, it is further noted that in U.S.A., installation of the passenger detecting apparatus in the automobile in combination with the passenger protecting apparatus such as the air bag apparatus is planned to be statutorily enforced.

As the passenger detecting apparatus developed to this end, there may be mentioned the one disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open Publication No. 309402/1997 (JP-A-9-309402). For having better understanding of the concept underlying the present invention, description will first be directed to this known passenger detecting apparatus. FIG. 5 of the accompanying drawings is a vertical sectional view of the passenger detecting apparatus described in the above-cited publication. Further, FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along a line VI-VI in FIG. 5 as viewed in the direction indicated by arrows. In these figures, reference numeral 120 denotes a sensor unit which constitutes a major part of the passenger detecting apparatus and which is installed within a compartment of an automobile on a top wall at a position in the vicinity of an upper edge of a front window shield of the automobile in opposition to an assistant's seat.

Reference characters 21 a, 21 b and 21 c denote light emitting elements, respectively. Reference numeral 28 denotes a supporting member for supporting the light emitting elements 21 a, 21 b and 21 c on a supporting surface having a predetermined curvature so that optical axes of the light emitting elements 21 a, 21 b and 21 c mutually intersect at a single point, as can be seen in FIG. 6. Reference characters 22 a, 22 b and 22 c denote lenses which are provided in association with the light emitting elements 21 a, 21 b and 21 c, respectively, for collimating light rays emitted from the light emitting elements 21 a, 21 b and 21 c into parallel or collimated light beams 41 a, 41 b and 41 c, respectively. Reference numeral 24 denotes a light receiving element. Further, reference characters 25 a, 25 b and 25 c denote, respectively, condenser lenses for collecting or condensing on the light receiving element 24 the return light rays resulting from scattering of the light beams 41 a, 41 b and 41 c upon striking on a passenger.

Next, operation of the conventional passenger detecting apparatus will be described. When the light beams 41 a, 41 b and 41 c emitted from the light emitting elements 21 a, 21 b and 21 c, respectively, are scattered upon striking on the passenger, parts of the scattered light rays are reflected backward to the sensor unit 120. More specifically, the scattered light rays will follow same optical paths as the light beams 41 a, 41 b and 41 c as viewed orthogonally to the plane of FIG. 6 to impinge onto the lenses 25 a, 25 b and 25 c to be focussed onto the light receiving element 24. On the other hand, viewing orthogonally to the plane of FIG. 5, the scattered light rays follow paths deviated by an angle α from those of the light beams 41 a, 41 b and 41 c to impinge onto the lenses 25 a, 25 b and 25 c, respectively, to be thereby focussed onto the light receiving element 24.

The angular difference a mentioned above will vary in dependence on the distance to the object at which the light beams are scattered. Accordingly, it is possible to determine the distance to the passenger in accordance with the principle of triangulation by employing as the light receiving element 24 such element as the PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) or the like which exhibits the optical position detecting function. Thus, on the basis of the position of the passenger detected by the passenger detecting apparatus, it can be decided that inflation or expansion of the air bag will incur insecurity far from protection when the position of the passenger is detected to be excessively close to the air bag. In that case, expansion of the air bag is suppressed even when the automobile should come into a head-on collision.

In the passenger detecting apparatus of the structure described above, it is generally required to employ the lens of relatively long focal distance in order to ensure high directional accuracy (i.e., precision of the directivity) of the light beam, which however gives rise to a problem that the length of the sensor unit 120 in the optical axis direction will then become increased. Particularly in the case where the passenger detecting apparatus is installed on the ceiling of the automobile, being orientated toward the passenger, the sensor unit 120 protrudes remarkably from the ceiling because of a large size of the sensor unit 120 in the heightwise direction, presenting a problem from the viewpoint of the inner space availability. Additionally, in the passenger detecting apparatus of the structure described above, there are required a number of lenses which corresponds to that of the light beams, which means that a relatively large number of lenses have to be used in order to ensure reliability for the operation of the passenger detecting apparatus. Needless to say, the cost of the passenger detecting apparatus will increase as the number of lenses increases, incurring high cost in manufacturing the apparatus.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In the light of the state of the art described above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a passenger detecting apparatus in which the height of the sensor unit can effectively be reduced and which can thus be manufactured at low cost.

In view of the above and other objects which will become apparent as the description proceeds, there is provided according to a general aspect of the present invention a passenger detecting apparatus which is installed on a ceiling of an automobile for detecting a state of a passenger residing within a compartment of the automobile.

The passenger detecting apparatus includes a light emitting means for emitting light rays in a substantially horizontal direction, a beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from the light emitting means into a collimated or converged light beam in a substantially horizontal direction, a downward reflecting means for reflecting the light beam in a direction toward a region covering a lower seat disposed within the compartment, and a light receiving means for receiving the light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger to thereby detect the state or status of the passenger.

In a preferred mode for carrying out the invention, a plurality of the light emitting means may be provided. In that case, the beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from the light emitting means into a collimated or converged light beam in a substantially horizontal direction may be constituted by one condenser lens or one concave mirror in common to the plurality of light beams.

By virtue of the arrangements mentioned above, the sensor unit of the passenger detecting apparatus can be implemented in a thin structure with the height being reduced. Furthermore, the passenger detecting apparatus can be realized at low cost.

The above and other objects, features and attendant advantages of the present invention will more easily be understood by reading the following description of the preferred embodiments thereof taken, only by way of example, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the course of the description which follows, reference is made to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view showing an arrangement of a sensor unit which constitutes a major part of a passenger detecting apparatus installed on an automobile according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view showing an arrangement of one set of optical system incorporated in the sensor unit of the passenger detecting apparatus as viewed from a rear side of the automobile;

FIG. 3 is a side view for illustrating in what manner light beams are radiated from the sensor unit mounted on a ceiling of the automobile;

FIG. 4 is a view showing an arrangement of one set of optical system incorporated in the sensor unit of the passenger detecting apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a conventional passenger detecting apparatus; and

FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along a line VI-VI in FIG. 5 as viewed in the direction indicated by arrows.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention will be described in detail in conjunction with what is presently considered as preferred or typical embodiments thereof by reference to the drawings. In the following description, it is to be understood that such terms as “left”, “lower”, “downward” and the like are words of convenience and are not to be construed as limiting terms.

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 is a top plan view showing an arrangement of a sensor unit which constitutes a major part of the passenger detecting apparatus installed on an automobile according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 20 denotes generally the sensor unit which is installed horizontally at or in the vicinity of the center of the ceiling within a compartment of the automobile. A blank arrow shown in the figure indicates the direction in which the automobile travels, reference characters 21 a, . . . , 21 h denote light emitting elements which are disposed fixedly internally of the sensor unit 20 and which serve as the light emitting means for emitting light rays substantially in the horizontal direction. Reference characters 22 a and 22 b denote lenses which serve as beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from the light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 e and 21 f, . . . , 21 h into light beams 41 a, . . . , 41 h each of substantially horizontal direction. The light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 e are disposed in an arcuate array on a horizontal plane parallel to or flush with the ceiling so that the light rays emitted from the light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 e are so converged as to impinge onto the lens 22 a. Similarly, the light emitting elements 21 f, . . . , 21 h are arrayed in an arcuate array horizontally in flush with the ceiling with the lens 22 b being disposed substantially at the curvature center of the arcuate array. At this juncture, it should be added that although the lenses 22 a and 22 b of the sensor unit according to the instant embodiment are each designed to transform the incident light rays into a collimated light beam, they may be so designed as to transform the light rays into a converged light beam converging at a predetermined angle.

Further, reference characters 23 a and 23 b denote mirrors which serve as downward reflecting means for reflecting, respectively, the light beams 41 a, . . . , 41 e and 41 f, . . . , 41 h downwardly to a region covering a passenger seat. Reference character 24 a denotes a photodiode which serves as a light receiving means (light receiving element) for receiving light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger. Reference character 24 b denotes a PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) serving also as a light receiving means. Further, reference characters 25 a, . . . , 25 e and 25 f, . . . , 25 h denote, respectively, concave mirrors each serving as a light condensing means for focussing the light rays onto the photodiode 24 a and the PSD (Position Sensitive Detector) 24 b, respectively, the light rays resulting from scattering of the light beams 41 a, . . . , 41 e and 41 f, . . . , 41 h upon striking on the passenger. In this conjunction, the concave mirrors 25 a, . . . , 25 e are disposed in an arcuate array for concentrating or condensing the incident scattered light rays onto one photodiode 24 a. For the same reason, the concave mirrors 25 f, . . . , 25 h are also disposed in an arcuate array.

FIG. 2 is a view showing an arrangement of one set of the optical system incorporated in the sensor unit of the passenger detecting apparatus as viewed from a rear side of the automobile. Further, FIG. 3 is a side view for illustrating in what manner light beams are radiated from the sensor unit 20 mounted on the ceiling of the automobile 10. In FIG. 3, reference numeral 11 denotes a seat disposed adjacent to that for a driver (hereinafter the seat 11 will be referred to as the assistant's seat 11 only for the convenience of description) and numeral 14 denotes an air bag provided in association with the assistant's seat. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the light emitting element 21 a, the lens 22 a and the mirror 23 a are disposed in a substantially same horizontal plane. Further, the photodiode 24 a and the concave mirror 25 a are disposed in a substantially same horizontal plane as well. In this conjunction, it should be noted that the light emitting element 21 a, the lens 22 a and the mirror 23 a on one hand and the photodiode 24 a and the concave mirror 25 a on the other hand are shown as being disposed in different horizontal planes, respectively. However, this is only for the sake of clarity of illustration. In actuality, both are disposed in the same horizontal plane. In other words, all the components of the optical systems described previously by reference to FIG. 1 are disposed in the substantially same horizontal plane. By virtue of such disposition of the components of the sensor unit, the dimension or height of the sensor unit 20 protruding from the ceiling of the automobile can remarkably be reduced.

Next, operation of the passenger detecting apparatus according to the instant embodiment of the invention will be described. Referring to FIG. 2, light rays emitted from the light emitting element 21 a in the substantially horizontal direction are transformed into a collimated light beam in the substantially horizontal direction by means of the lens 22 a. The light beam 41 a resulting from reflection at the mirror 23 a then travels toward a region covering the seat disposed internally of the automobile at a lower left location as viewed in FIG. 2. When a passenger, i.e., a detection-subjected object, is present in an object detecting region 42 a defined around the seat, the light beam 41 a strikes on the passenger at the surface thereof to be thereby scattered. The scattered light rays are then collected by the concave mirror 25 a to be reflected backward to the photodiode 24 a in the substantially horizontal direction. Thus, by monitoring the output of the photodiode 24 a, it is possible to detect whether the passenger is present or not within the object detecting region 42 a.

Turning back to FIG. 1, the light rays emitted from the light emitting elements 21 b, . . . , 21 e are also projected onto the mirror 23 a through the lens 22 a similarly to the light ray emitted from the light emitting element 21 a. In other words, in the passenger detecting apparatus now under consideration, such arrangement is adopted that the five light beams 41 a, 41 e are generated through the combination of one lens 22 a and one mirror 23 a. These light beams cover the object detecting regions 42 a, . . . , 42 e, respectively, on the principle described previously, as is illustrated in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 3, the five object detecting regions 42 a, . . . , 42 e mentioned above are so determined or defined as to cover the range within which the passenger is expected to exist while taking into account the possibility of the assistant's seat being moved.

On the other hand, the light emitting element 21 f, 21 g and 21 h, the lens 22 b, the mirrors 25 f, 25 g and 25 h and the photodiode 24 b cooperate to define object detecting regions 42 f, 42 g and 42 h (see FIG. 3), respectively. Since the photodiode 24 b is capable of detecting the position of the light spot thereon, distance extending from the sensor unit 20 to the object concerned can be determined in accordance with the principle of triangulation. When the presence of the passenger at the position close to the air bag is detected in the three object detecting regions 42 f, 42 g and 42 h, it is then decided that expansion or inflation of the air bag is unsafe. In that case, expansion of the air bag is of course inhibited.

As is apparent from the above, the passenger detecting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes the light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 h for emitting light rays in the substantially horizontal direction, the lenses 22 a and 22 b for transforming the light rays emitted from the light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 h into collimated light beams in the substantially horizontal direction, the mirrors 23 a and 23 b for reflecting the light beams downwardly toward a region covering the seat, and the photodiode 24 a and the PSD 24 b for receiving the light beams scattered or reflected upon striking on the passenger to thereby detect the state or status of the passenger. By virtue of the arrangement of the passenger detecting apparatus described above, the optical axis of the optical system which requires a predetermined length can extend essentially in the horizontal direction, whereby the height of the sensor unit 20 (i.e., protrusion of the sensor unit 20 from the ceiling of the automobile) can remarkably be reduced. Thus, there can be realized the passenger detecting apparatus which provides essentially no obstacle regardless of disposition thereof at or in the vicinity of the center of the ceiling of the automobile.

In the passenger detecting apparatus, a plurality of light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 h are employed. However, since each of the lenses 22 a and 22 b designed for transforming the light rays emitted, respectively, from the light emitting elements 21 a, . . . , 21 e and 21 f, . . . , 21 h into collimated light beams in the substantially horizontal direction is used as one condenser lens in common to a plurality of light beams (e.g. 22 a for 21 a, . . . , 21 e while 22 b for 21 f, . . . , 21 h), the size of the passenger detecting apparatus in the direction widthwise of the optical system can be reduced with the manufacturing cost being also lowered.

In the passenger detecting apparatus according to the first embodiment of the invention, the beam forming means is implemented in the form of the lens 22 a, 22 b. However, the invention is never restricted thereto. Since the function of the beam forming means is to transform the light rays emitted from the light emitting means into collimated or converged light beam in the substantially horizontal direction, the beam forming means may be realized by using a concave mirror instead of the lens.

The primary object of the present invention is to reduce the protrusion of the passenger detecting apparatus from the ceiling of the automobile. Further, with the present invention incarnated in the first embodiment thereof, it is presumed that the automobile of concern is an automobile of general type having a horizontal ceiling. Accordingly, by disposing the optical axes of the light rays emitted from the light emitting means as well as the optical axes of the light beams projected from the beam forming means in the substantially horizontal direction, the height of the passenger detecting apparatus as measured from the ceiling of the automobile can be reduced. It should however be understood that in the case of an automobile whose ceiling is inclined significantly, the light emitting means and the beam forming means may be so disposed that the parallelism with the inclined ceiling surface can be maintained.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 4 is a view showing an arrangement of one set of an optical system of a sensor unit of the passenger detecting apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 26 denotes a PC substrate disposed substantially horizontally on the ceiling of an automobile, numeral 21 denotes a light emitting element mounted or packaged on the PC substrate 26 and so disposed as to emit light rays upwardly substantially in a vertical direction relative to the PC substrate 26, reference character 27 a denotes a mirror for bending the direction of the light rays emitted from the light emitting element 21 to the horizontal direction. The light emitting element 21 and the mirror 27 a cooperate to constitute a light emitting means for emitting the light ray substantially in the horizontal direction. In other words, the light emitting element 21 serves to emit the light rays vertically relative to the PC substrate 26 on which the light emitting element 21 is mounted, while the mirror 27 a serves as the optical system for deflecting the light rays emitted from the light emitting element 21 substantially to the horizontal direction.

Further, reference numeral 24 denotes a photodiode mounted on the PC substrate 26. The light receiving element 24 has a field of view in the vertically upward direction. Reference character 27 b denotes a mirror for reflecting the light scattered at the surface of a detection-subjected object and deflected horizontally by a concave mirror 25 a toward the light receiving element 24. The light receiving element 24 and the mirror 27 b cooperates to constitute a light receiving means. More specifically, the light receiving element 24 constitutes a light receiving element mounted on the PC substrate 26 and having a field of view orthogonally relative to the PC substrate 26 while the mirror 27 b constitute an optical system for deflecting the light beam substantially horizontally and condensed by the beam condensing means toward the light receiving element 24.

Furthermore, numeral 28 denotes a diaphragm which is disposed on a surface of the mirror 23 a as a downward reflecting means to serve for limiting the effective reflecting surface of the mirror 23 a to a predetermined size.

In the other respects, the passenger detecting apparatus according to the instant embodiment of the invention is similar to the passenger detecting apparatus described hereinbefore in conjunction with the first embodiment.

The passenger detecting apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention can enjoy advantages that the passenger detecting apparatus can be assembled easily with high efficiency and thus the passenger detecting apparatus can be realized at low cost by virtue of such structure that the light emitting element 21 and the light receiving element 24 are disposed or mounted on the surface of the PC substrate 26.

In general, the image formed by the light beam reflected by the mirror such as the mirror 23 a and the like becomes blurred as the distance to the periphery of the mirror becomes shorter. In the passenger detecting apparatus according to the second embodiment of the invention, the diaphragm 28 is provided in combination with the mirror 23 a to cut off the blurred portion. Owing to this feature, the light beam can be sharpened, which contributes to increasing the detection accuracy of the apparatus.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has provided the passenger detecting apparatus which is installed on the ceiling of the automobile for detecting a state of the passenger residing within the compartment of the automobile and which includes the light emitting means for emitting light rays in the substantially horizontal direction, the beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from the light emitting means into a collimated or converged light beam in the substantially horizontal direction, the downward reflecting means for reflecting the light beam in the direction toward the region covering the lower seat disposed within the compartment, and the light receiving means for receiving the light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger to thereby detect his or her state or status. By virtue of the arrangement of the passenger detecting apparatus described above, the optical axis of the optical system which requires a predetermined length can extend in the horizontal direction, whereby the height of the sensor unit can remarkably be reduced. Thus, there can be realized the passenger detecting apparatus which provides essentially no obstacle regardless of disposition thereof at or in the vicinity of the center of the ceiling of the automobile.

In the passenger detecting apparatus described above, a plurality of the light emitting means can be provided, wherein the beam forming means for transforming light rays emitted from the light emitting means into parallel or converged light beams in the substantially horizontal direction may be constituted by one condenser lens or alternatively by one concave mirror for the plurality of light beams. With this arrangement, the size of the passenger detecting apparatus in the direction widthwise of the optical system can be reduced with the manufacturing cost being lowered.

In the passenger detecting apparatus described above, the passenger detecting apparatus can further include the condensing means for focussing the light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger onto the light receiving means. The condensing means can reflect the incident light rays in the substantially horizontal direction while condensing to the light rays. With this arrangement, the height of the sensor unit can further be reduced.

In the passenger detecting apparatus described above in which a plurality of the light emitting means are provided, one light receiving means can be provided in common for a plurality of the light beams. With this arrangement, the size of the passenger detecting apparatus in the direction widthwise of the optical system can be reduced with the manufacturing cost being lowered.

The passenger detecting apparatus described above can further include the substrate disposed substantially horizontally. In that case, the light emitting means is comprised of the light emitting element mounted on the substrate and so disposed as to emit the light rays substantially vertically relative to the substrate, and the optical system for bending the direction of the light beam emitted from the light emitting element to the substantially horizontal direction. With this arrangement, the passenger detecting apparatus can enjoy advantages that it can be assembled easily with high efficiency and realized at low cost.

Further, in the passenger detecting apparatus described above, the passenger detecting apparatus can further include the condensing means for focussing light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger onto the light receiving means, wherein the condensing means reflects the incident light rays in a substantially horizontal direction while condensing the rays to the light rays. The light receiving means can be comprised of the light receiving element mounted on the substrate and having a field of view extending orthogonally relative to the substrate, and the optical system for deflecting toward the light receiving element the light beam reflected substantially horizontally and formed by the condensing means. With this arrangement, the passenger detecting apparatus can be assembled easily with high efficiency and thus the passenger detecting apparatus can be realized at low cost.

Moreover, in the passenger detecting apparatus described above, the downward reflecting means can be comprised of the diaphragm for constricting the light beam. With this arrangement, the light beam can be sharpened, which contributes to increasing the detection accuracy.

Many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above techniques. It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described. 

1. A passenger detecting apparatus installed on a ceiling of an automobile for detecting a state of a passenger residing within a compartment of said automobile, comprising: light emitting means for emitting light rays in a substantially horizontal direction; beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from said light emitting means into a collimated light beam or alternatively a converged light beam in a substantially horizontal direction; downward reflecting means for reflecting said light beam in a direction toward a region covering a lower seat disposed within said compartment, wherein said downward reflecting means does not rotate; light receiving means for receiving said light beam scattered upon striking on the passenger to thereby detect the state of said passenger; and a substrate disposed substantially horizontally, wherein said light emitting means includes a light emitting element mounted on said substrate and so disposed as to emit a light beam substantially vertically relative to said substrate; and an optical system for bending the direction of a light beam emitted from said light emitting element to a substantially horizontal direction.
 2. The passenger detecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: condensing means for focusing light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger onto said light receiving means; said condensing means reflecting the light rays scattered upon striking the passenger in a substantially horizontal direction while condensing said light rays scattered upon striking on the passenger, wherein said light receiving means includes a light receiving element mounted on said substrate and having a field of view extending orthogonally relative to said substrate; and an optical system for deflecting toward said light receiving element the light beam reflected substantially horizontally and condensed by said condensing means.
 3. A passenger detecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said downward reflecting means includes a diaphragm for constricting said light beam.
 4. A passenger detecting apparatus installed on a ceiling of an automobile for detecting a state of a passenger residing within a compartment of said automobile, comprising: light emitting means for emitting light rays in a substantially horizontal direction; beam forming means for transforming the light rays emitted from said light emitting means into a collimated light beam or a converged light beam in a substantially horizontal direction; downward reflecting means for reflecting said light beam in a direction toward a region covering a lower seat disposed within said compartment; and light receiving means for receiving said light beam scattered upon striking on the passenger to thereby detect the state of said passenger, wherein said downward reflecting means includes a diaphragm for constricting said light beam, said diaphragm being disposed on a reflective surface. 